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Tikanga

Over the years, I’ve gathered a bunch of different karakia, waiata, a few whakataukī (and whakatauāki). I’ve listed them all here to help out! Especially if you’re a beginner like me! I’ve also tried to explain where I got them from and some of the meaning behind them. As tangata Tiriti, it’s super important to respect and try to understand as much as we can!

Click on the heading below to open the section 👇🏼

Karakia are an important aspect of te ao Māori. They are used in many different contexts, and both formal and informal situations. It is difficult, as with many other Māori concepts and kupu (words), to adequately translate ‘karakia’ into English. As in the definition above, ‘chant’ may be the most objective translation. In some contexts, people consider them a “prayer” and there is a heavy Christian influence, especially in post-colonial history. You will find that many organisations and people will use a translated Christian prayer for karakia, and will end with the phrase āmene – which is the transliterated translation of the Christian phrase “Amen”.

Karakia are used for many different purposes – some in daily, informal spaces; others in formal contexts. Here is a further explanation taken from the karakia blog by Reo Māori Mai. And another detailed article from Dr Karaitiana Taiuru.

Hui Timatanga (For beginning of meetings)

To start a meeting. The karakia is to make the hui (meeting) a safe space for all those taking part and open the space both psychologically and spiritually. Here are a couple that I have found which are appropriate. Please note, while I have personally chose to lean towards secular (non-religious) karakia, sometimes the kaupapa (reason for the meeting) may call for a religious or Christian karakia. It is always a good idea to follow the tikanga (customs and rituals) of who is hosting you, and more often than not, you should ask if they wish to do their regular karakia, instead of assuming that it will be your responsibility.

Tuia i runga
Karakia Timatanga
Karakia whakatuwhera
Mā te rongo, ka mohio
Mā te hau mahana
Whakataka te hau
Hui Whakakapi (for closing of meetings)

To finish a meeting. The karakia is to close the space for returning to everyday activities. Here are a couple that I have found which are appropriate. Please note, while I have personally chose to lean towards secular (non-religious) karakia, sometimes the kaupapa (reason for the meeting) may call for a religious or Christian karakia. It is always a good idea to follow the tikanga (customs and rituals) of who is hosting you, and more often than not, you should ask if they wish to do their regular karakia, instead of assuming that it will be your responsibility.

He karakia whakakapi
He karakia Whakamutunga
He karakia Whakamutunga
Karakia mō te Kai (before you eat)

At many Māori hui it is expected that the food is blessed using a blessing in Māori language. The blessings of food is an introduced religious practice, predominately a Christian practice and not a pre colonial Māori practice.

Traditionally, Māori would say a karakia of acknowledgement and thanks to the gods of the food that they were about to partake of. They would also offer some food to the deities or atua. There were also strict rules about not eating various foods together as it would cause the deities and gods to clash.

If you have a meal of kūmara and bird meat, you might karakia to Rongo-mā-Tāne the god of cultivated foods and Tāne Mahuta the god of all birds. You could likely also provide a part of your meal to the spirits and or to the gods as an acknowledgement of thankfulness for the food. Depending on the situation, a karakia to the deity of the particular species would occur.

In today’s modern world we have processed food that often does not have a direct relation to any deity. So a careful choice of words need to be considered.

(further analysis from Dr Karaitiana Taiuru) Unless you have food from the forest such as birds and plants; food from the ocean such fish and shell fish; cultivated and cultivated and uncultivated food such as Kūmara and fern root, then a karakia that acknowledges food sources defeats the purpose of the karakia. The first karakia version below (which is a very common and popular one) also makes direct reference to Maru, who is a deity of war in only some Iwi Māori, and a deity of water in other Iwi Māori, which demonstrates the fact that if you are not in the right area, your karakia might not be suitable.

Karakia mō te kai
Karakia mō te kai

Waiata are songs that are sung to acknowledge your speaker. Here are some waiata tautoko that are common and easy to learn. A waiata tautoko is sung to thank the speaker for doing the initial introduction.

Click on the relevant tab below to check out five other Waiata with Youtube links 👇🏼

Tai Aroha
Rongomai
Ngā whakamoemiti
Ka pioioi
Homai tō poho

Hei Waiata, Hei Whakakoakoa

Hei Waiata, Hei Whakakoakoa has been developed to support the teaching and learning of te reo Māori in English-medium schools.

Hei Waiata, Hei Whakakoakoa consisted of a CD and an accompanying book. The CD is now a digital download in MP3 format. There are forty-six tracks – a mixture of waiata and haka. The book contains curriculum links, activities, notes about the waiata and haka (including translations and meanings), lyrics, and song sheets (manuscript music).

Individual tracks from the CD or MP3 may be duplicated for classroom use. The lyrics and song sheets may be photocopied or printed for classroom use. The song sheets can be used for accompanying performances, practising playing an instrument or singing from a score. The song sheets are always in the same key as the waiata on the CD or MP3.

Whakataukī give an insight into Māori thought. The word whakataukī can be split into whaka (to cause), tau (to be settled) and kī (a saying), thus a whakataukī is a saying that has become settled over time, through constant repetition from the time it was first exclaimed right up to the present day.

A whakatauākī is a proverb where the original speaker is known, for example “Ehara a Hikurangi i te maunga haere” was said by Te Kani-a-Takirau of Ngāti Porou so is a whakatauākī, whereas “Ahakoa he iti, he pounamu” is a whakataukī as it is not known who originally said this.

We are careful not to assume that we understand fully when using either whakataukī or whakatauakī, but do a bit of reading around the regular usages of the phrase you are choosing and see whether it really fits into the context you are trying to convey.

Te reo MāoriTe reo Pākehā (English)
Piki atu ki te taumata o tōku maunga.
Ka kite au i te mana, i te ihi o te whenua nei nō ōku tupuna.
I climb to the summit of my mountain to see the lands of my ancestors.
Ta te tamariki tana mahi wawahi tahāIt is the job of the children to smash the calabash
Tōku reo, tōku ohooho, tōku reo, tōku māpihi maurea, tōku reo, tōku whakakai marihi.My language is my awakening, my language is my treasure, my language is my prized possession.
Kua tawhiti kē tō haerenga mai, kia kore e haere tonu. He nui rawa ō mahi, kia kore mahi tonu – Nā Tā Himi HenareYou have come too far, to not go further, you have done too much, not to do more – by Himi Henare
Kia mate ururoa, kei mate wheke.Fight like a shark, don’t give in like an octopus.

There are a lot more here on a course content page created by Regan Stokes, Damien Taylor, Joshua Toki and Jamie Stevenson. They created this page when they ran a series of te reo Māori lessons in Ōtautahi (Christchurch)